The 161 islands that make up Okinawa lie to the far south of Japan, like stepping stones between Kyushu and Taiwan. The subtropical climate, clear turquoise seas and many fine beaches mean that the islands have long been a holiday favorite among the Japanese. Recently, however, several of the islands have also started to become well known as eco-destinations. Numerous coral reefs offer excellent diving opportunities, with many resorts catering to enthusiasts. Okinawa Island, the main island of the group, has a number of famous resorts such as Manza Beach and Onna Beach, offering white sands and watersports. The fantastic formations of the Gyokusendo Caves are also a popular attraction. Naha, the relaxed Okinawan capital, is famous for its pottery and textiles and impressive Shuri Castle, former seat of the Ryukyu kings. The large US bases nearby help to fuel its lively nightlife. The island retains many reminders of the fierce fighting that took place there during World War II, and the southern coastline is dotted with war memorials. Ishigaki Island has great diving, snorkeling and folkcrafts and is a good base from which to explore the remoter islands. Iriomote Island is known for its mangrove swamps, jungle interior and rare wildlife such as the Iriomote Wildcat, while tiny Taketomi retains its rural charm. Occurring throughout the islands, Okinawa’s ancient Ryukyu festivals are some of Japan’s most colorful and feature distinctive performing arts.