Bermuda consists of a chain of some 180 coral islands and islets lying 1046km (650 miles) off the coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in the Atlantic Ocean. Its coastlines are characterized by small bays with beaches of fine pale pink coral sand and surrounding vivid blue-green waters. Inland is an abundance of subtropical plants and flowers.

Bermuda was first discovered by Juan de Bermudez, a Spanish sailor, in 1505. It was claimed in England’s name by Sir George Somers, in July 1609. After colonization, the island prospered and has continued to do so almost continuously ever since. The tourist industry, catering particularly for the American market, began in Victorian times. Today, there are still elements of British culture and customs in almost every aspect of life on the islands.

In 1968, the island was granted internal self-government (formally a British Dependent Territory) while Britain retained control of defense and foreign policy. The issue of independence currently dominates in Bermuda with the present pro-independence government. In December 2004, the Premier W Alex Scott announced the formation of the Bermuda Independence Commission to explore the subject of independence for Bermuda. A referendum on independence was last held in 1995 but a low turnout produced a majority against independence. In June 2005, opinion polls showed 20.1% supported self-governance, with 65% opposed.

Geography
Bermuda consists of a chain of some 180 coral islands and islets lying 1046km (650 miles) off the coast of Cape Hatteras. The seven largest of the islands are linked by bridges and one causeway to form the principal mainland. There are no rivers or streams and the islands are entirely dependent on rainfall for fresh water.